向医学生开设网络实验课程

网络已经成为大学生学习、就业、继续教育的重要工具和环境,传统计算机文化的教学内容已逐步在小学、中学教育阶段完成。因此提高医学生对网络的认识与操作能力是改革医学生计算机教育的重要内容。本文阐述开设面向医学生的系列网络实验,在实验课中通过多用户操作系统,硬、软件安装和简单的组网,网络设置等实验内容的实践,将可以强化学生建立网络计算机观念,使学生养成网上工作和学习的习惯并提高使用网络计算机的能力。     

BOLD background gradient contributions in diffusion‐weighted fMRI—comparison of spin‐echo and twice‐refocused spin‐echo sequences

The interaction (‘cross terms’) between diffusion‐weighting gradients and susceptibility‐induced background gradient fields around vessels has an impact on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements and diffusion‐weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging (DFMRI) experiments. Monte‐Carlo (MC) simulations numerically integrating the Bloch equations for a large number of random walks in a vascular model were used to investigate to what extent such interactions would influence the extravascular signal change as well as the ADC change observed in DFMRI experiments. The vascular model consists of a set of independent, randomly oriented, infinite cylinders whose internal magnetic susceptibility varies as the state changes between rest and activation. In such a network, the cross terms result in the observation of a functional increase in ADC accompanied by a descending percent signal change with increasing diffusion weighting. It is shown that the twice‐refocused spin‐echo sequence permits sufficient yet not total suppression of such effects compared to the standard Stejskal‐Tanner spin‐echo diffusion weighting under experimentally relevant conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Proposal for a European COPD network

Over the past few years, pulmonary rehabilitation programs have become more usual in Europe. Even COPD patients on LTOT no longer feel home-bound or grounded. Nevertheless, they experience anxiety when leaving their usual medical environment. The SEP would like to encourage COPD patients to travel by creating a European COPD network. The objectives of this network would be (1) to record all the pulmonary centers in Europe that are involved in pulmonary rehabilitation; (2) to know the availability of oxygen in the different European countries and pulmonary centers; (3) to record those of these centers that would agree to take under supervision COPD patients traveling in their respective area and to provide all technical and medical assistance; (4) to select the most suitable holiday resorts for COPD patients according to ambient temperature, altitude, hotel accommodation, pollution, and possibility for COPD patients to walk around and take excursions; (5) to include oxygen suppliers and medical equipment companies involved in the technical assistance of these COPD patients traveling with all their paraphernalia. Such a European network would enable COPD patients to travel securely, being sure to find medical and technical assistance in all of these “SEP-recommended” places (SEP Guide).     

Added Value of a Resting ECG Neural Network That Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality

Background: The resting 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) remains the most commonly used test in evaluating patients with suspected cardiovascular disease. Prognostic values of individual findings on the ECG have been reported but may be of limited use. Methods: The characteristics of 45,855 ECGs ordered by physician's discretion were first recorded and analyzed using a computerized system. Ninety percent of these ECGs were used to train an artifical neural network (ANN) to predict cardiovascular mortality (CVM) based on 132 ECG and four demographic characteristics. The ANN generated a Resting ECG Neural Network (RENN) score that was then tested in the remaining ECGs. The RENN score was finally assessed in a cohort of 2189 patients who underwent exercise treadmill testing and were followed for CVM. Results: The RENN score was able to better predict CVM compared to individual ECG markers or a traditional Cox regression model in the testing cohort. Over a mean of 8.6 years, there were 156 cardiovascular deaths in the treadmill cohort. Among the patients who were classified as intermediate risk by Duke Treadmill Scoring (DTS), the third tertile of the RENN score demonstrated an adjusted Cox hazard ratio of 5.4 (95% CI 2.0–15.2) compared to the first RENN tertile. The 10‐year CVM was 2.8%, 8.6% and 22% in the first, second and third RENN tertiles, respectively. Conclusions: An ANN that uses the resting ECG and demographic variables to predict CVM was created. The RENN score can further risk stratify patients deemed at moderate risk on exercise treadmill testing.     

医院信息系统与医保系统联网的安全体系架构

综合徐州市第三人民医院的网络体系结构。详细介绍了医院HIS系统分别与医疗保险信息系统中的职工医保联网、居民医保联网的体系结构。     

PACS系统存储方案的设计原则和实现策略

结合我院ＰＡＣＳ存储方案的设计实践和我们论证过程，探讨适合国情的ＰＡＣＳ存储方案的设计原则和优化的选择。材料与方法，分析和论证具有自动装载功能的库类海量存储设备及其相关系统，如磁带库，光盘库等。涉及的存储介质为：Ｄ磁盘、ＭＯＤ（ＭａｇｎｅｔｉｃＯｐｔｉｃＤｉｓｋ）、ＣＤ／ＤＶＤ和ＤＬＴ（ＤｉｇｉｔａＬｉｎｅａｒＴａｐｅ）；通过论证数据产生总量及增长比率确定存储容量及要求，分析影像调用频率及间期定影     

Correlation between spatial frequency and orientation selectivity in V1 cortex: Implications of a network model

We addressed how spatial frequency and orientation selectivity coexist and co-vary in Macaque primary visual cortex (V1) by simulating cortical layer 4Cα of V1 with a large-scale network model and then comparing the model’s behavior with a population of cells we recorded in layer 4Cα. We compared the distributions of orientation and spatial frequency selectivity, as well as the correlation between the two, in the model with what we observed in the 4Cα population. We found that (1) in the model, both spatial frequency and orientation selectivity of neuronal firing are greater and more diverse than the LGN inputs to model neurons; (2) orientation and spatial frequency selectivity co-vary in the model in a way very similar to what we observed in layer 4Cα neurons; (3) in the model, orientation and spatial frequency selectivity co-vary because of intra-cortical inhibition. The results suggest that cortical inhibition provides a common mechanism for selectivity in multiple dimensions.     

食管癌切除标本断端残留癌的流式细胞分析

本文应用流式细胞术(flow cytometry),研究食管癌切除标本断端残留癌的生物学特性及其与主体癌的关系。镜下为原位癌和粘膜下浸润癌的残癌,其异倍体率和增殖指数显著低于其主体癌(P<0.001),表明早期残癌中,部分(60%)为主体癌周的早期多中心癌灶,而且表现为相对良性的生物学行为。残癌的发生与其主体癌的 DNA 含量无关,与增殖指数密切相关(P<0.005)。对残癌的发展速度进行了初步探讨。     

Damage of cells by cryopreservation

Reproducible and reliable cryopreservation of blood cells by freeze-drying is a difficult goal to achieve. During the freeze-drying process of cells, their cell membrane or macromolecular contents are susceptible to damage. In this paper, the general process of freeze-drying as a means to achieve cryopreservation is described.In order to guarantee reproducible and reliable cryopreservation by freeze-drying, it is essential to: (a) recognise the physicochemical and technical parameters which affect the quality/activity of freeze-dried blood cells and constituents and (b) have knowledge of the quantitative interrelationships between these parameters.To ensure an optimal process it is necessary for instrumentation to be supplemented with computer control and vacuum lock sampling. In the preservation of structural and functional integrity of cells, residual water left after freeze-drying is crucial. Using curves relating activity to residual moisture content, an optimum can often be found.     

Internal connectivity is pervasive among primary and secondary anti-hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) IgG monoclonal antibodies

Twenty-one primary and 18 secondary monoclonal antibodies (mAb)with specificity for hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) were testedin pair-wise combinations for connectivity, that is, reactivitywith each other in the absence of HEL, by an ELISA assay. AllmAb reacted with at least one other, and a large proportionof the mAb, 7 of 16 primary and 11 of 18 secondary mAb, werereactive with 5 or more of the other mAb. Moreover, each gavea unique pattern of reactivity. Reactivity between mAb derivedfrom primary and secondary hybridomas was also extensive. Some‘highly connective’ mAb reacted with almost everyother mAb tested. Two ‘mini-networks’ in the primaryand secondary mAb, respectively, were identified through anELISA binding assay and an inhibition study. Within these mini-networks(nets), members that bear IdC1 do not react with each otherbut bind to other members bearing IdC2. This type of interaction,as well as that between different nets defines a complicatednetwork. No obvious correlation with fine specificity, presenceof IdXE (a regulatory idiotype in the primary anti-HEL response),nor variable gene coding was apparent. Exact repeats of sequencewere found for two pairs of mAb from independently selectedhybridomas, i.e. in each case a primary and secondary hybridoma,indicating that high connectivity is associated with strongselection during B cell maturation following antigen stimulation.